Superdistrito Ribacoense (2C5)
Das Gebiet östlich des Tales des Coa-Fluss bis zur Nave von Haver einschließlich der Serra da Marofa bildet den Superdistrikt Ribacoense.
Es ist ein ebenfalls wenig bekanntes Gebiet, mit den Charakteristiken
eines Hochplateaus, granitisch, trocken mesomediterran wo die
Steineichenwälder des Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae und die Ginster des Cytiso multiflori-Retametum sphaerocarpae dominieren. In Bereichen von hydrisch kompensierten Depressionen treten Wälder des Querco pyrenaicae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae auf. Dieser Superdistrikt besitzt große Affinitäten mit dem salmantinischen Sektor, seine Einordnung in den Sektor 'Lusitano-Duriense' ist darauf zurückzuführen, auf der spanischer Seite keine floristische Kontinuität mit dem Sektor 'Salmantino' finden zu können.
Pflanzengesellschaften - Superdistrito Ribacoense (2C5) der Mediterranen Region (Nach COSTA et al. 1998)
(Syntaxa und Vegetations-Klassen nach: MARTÍNEZ, Salvador Rivas, et al. 2001.
Siehe auch: COSTA et al. 2012)
Die Syntaxa mit * sind endemisch für das Gebiet.
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Pflanzengesellschaft (Syntaxa)
|
Vegetations-Klasse und Habitate zu der assoziierten Pflanzengesellschaft
|
Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae 75.2.11.
Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae
|
Woodlands,
pre-woodlands and dense scmblands, evergreen or marcescent, that
usually create a shady environment contributing to a soil humus type of
forest
"mull". Indifferent to the chemical nature of the substrate
and soil, however limited by permanent or temporary
hydromorphy. Include the climatophilous vegetation and
its mantle, edges and the first stage of replacement of the
forests in the Mediterranean Region, in semiarid to
humid infra to supramediterranean, reaching meridional
submediterranean Eurosiberian territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Asparagus acutifolius, Biarum
arundanum, Carex halleriana, Clematis flammula,
Daphne gnidium, Lonicera etrusca var. etrusca, Lonicera implexa, Neotinea maculata, Olea europaea var.
sylvestris, Phillyrea latifolia subsp. media, Pulicaria
odora,
Rhamnus alaternus subsp. alaternus f. alaternus, Rubia peregrina subsp.
longifolia, Rubia peregrina subsp. peregrina, Smilax aspera var.
aspera, Vincetoxicum nigrum.
Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae 75.2.11.
Siehe -> Superdistrito Ribacoense
|
Cytiso multiflori-Retametum sphaerocarpae 65.2.2.
Cytiso multiflori-Retametum sphaerocarpae
|
[Cytisetea scopario-striati Rivas-Martínez 1974 (art. 3f)]
Shrubby communities dominated by Leguminosae of the
tribe Genisteae (brooms). Usually the mantle or the replacement stage of meso-oligotrophic forests that grow
in deep siliceous soils with type "mull" humus and without temporary hydromorphy. Sometimes represent
edaphoxerophilous permanent communities. their ecologic optimum is in Iberian Peninsula, they can reach the
Atlantic Europe, the Tyrrhenian and the Maghrebi territories, in infra to oromediterranean semiarid to humid
and thermo to lower orotemperate dry to hyperhumid
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Adenocarpus complicatus, Adenocarpus telonensis, Cytisus baeticus, Pteridium aquilinum var. aquilinum, Retama sphaerocarpa.
|
Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris 71.2b.
Querco pyrenaicae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae
|
71. Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae (Rivas-Martínez & Cantó ex Rivas-Martínez , Báscones, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & Loidi) classis nova (addenda)
56.lb. Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris Rivas-Martinez 1975
Communities of the rivers flood prone (part of the
floodplain rarely inundated) with "soft" to "hard"
waters,
thermo to supramediterranean, West Mediterranean, and Northern Maghreb
distribution, with Galician-Portuguese disjunctions.
Typus: Querco pyrenaicae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae
Rivas Goday 1964 corr. Rivas-Martinez, FernandezGonzalez & A. Molina in Fernandez-Gonzalez & A.
Molina 1988 (56.1.13.).
Charakteristische Arten: Celtis australis, Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia, Prunus lusitanica, UImus minor.
|
Sektor ‘Estrelense’ (2D)
Die Serra da Estrela, der Gipfel und die östliche Flanke der Serra do Açor bilden zusammen den Estrelense Sektor.
Es ist ein im wesentlichen granitisches Gebiet mit wenigen
Schieferaufschlüssen. Das Bioklima der Serra da Estrela befindet sich,
bezogen auf Höhenlagen zwischen 900-1100 m NN und je nach Exposition,
auf der unteren supratemperaten oder supramediterranen Stufe bei
hyperfeuchtem Ombroklima. Die Lagen darüber sind ausschließlich
supramediterran (und oromediterran auf dem Gipfel des Gebirges). Es ist
das Gebirge der iberischen Zentralsystems mit dem am stärksten
atlantisch ausgeprägten Charakter, vor allem am Westhang. Angelica angelicastrum, Centaurea herminii subsp. herminii, Centaurea rothmalerana, Festuca henriquesii, Narcissus bulbocodium var. nivalis, Silene foetida subsp. foetida, Teucrium salviastrum (auch in den Gebirgen von Marão und Caramulo vorhanden) sind endemische Taxa dieses Sektors.
Adenocarpus
hispanicus, Alchemilla trasiens, Betula pubescens subsp. celtiberica,
Campanula herminii, Carex furva, Cryptogramma crispa, Cytisus
oromediterraneus, Doronicum carpetanum, Epilobium anagallidifolium,
Genista cinerascens, Gentiana lutea, Juniperus communis subsp. alpina,
Jurinea humilis, Lycopodium clavatum, Nardus stricta, Minuartia recurva
subsp. juressi, Murbeckiella boryi, Paronychia polyganifolia var.
velucensis, Phalacrocarpum oppositifolium subsp. oppositifolium, Reseda
gredensis, Rumex suffruticosus, Saxifraga stellaris, Sceranthus
perennis, Sagina saginoides, Silene ciliata, Teesdaliopsis conferta,
Veratrum album und Viola langeana sind einige der Pflanzen, die diesem Gebiet angehören.
Endemisch für dieses Gebiet sind: die Wachholdergesellschaft des Lycopodio clavati-Juniperetum nani; die Polster des Teucrio salviastri-Echinospartetum pulviniformis, die Heiden des Junipero nani-Ericetum aragonensis und die hygrophilen Heiden des Potentillo herminii-Callunetum vulgaris; die Wiesen tiefgründiger Böden der Hochlagen des Campanulo herminii-Festucetum henriquesii; die Borstgraswiesen der hohen Gipfellagen des Galio saxatili-Nardetum strictae; die psychooxerophile caespitose oromediterrane Gemeinschaft des Jasiono centralis-Minuartetum (juressii) bigerrensis; die saxikole, siliziöse Gemeinschaft tiefer Felsspalten und Fissuren des Sileno foetido-Dianthetum lusitanici und auf oromediterraner Stufe des Phalacrocarpo oppositifolii-Rumicetum suffruticosi; die chasmophile, rupikole Gemeinschaft des Saxifrago spathularis-Murbeckielletum herminii und die auf antorfigen Böden vorkommende des Junco squarrosi-Sphagnetum compacti.
In der Serra da Estrela finden sich ebenfalls Formationen der Birkenwälder des Saxifrago spathularis-Betuletum celtibericae. Weitere Gemeinschaften sind zum Beispiel die Ginster des Lavandulo sampaionae-Cytisetum multiflorae, die Kissenpolster (port. “caldoneirais”) des Echinospartetum lusitanicae und des Cytiso striati-Genistetum polygaliphyllae, die Stechginster-Heidekrautgemeinschaft des Ulici minoris-Ericetum umbellatae und die gemeinschaft der kalten Quellbrunnen des Myosodietum stoloniferae. Es sind aber die Eichenwälder des Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae,
welche die dominante potentielle Waldvegetation im supramediterranen
Bereich des Gebirges darstellen. Obwohl nur wenige Reste dieses Waldes
übriggeblieben sind, ist die Annahme dennoch sinnvoll, dass die
Stechginster des Junipero nani-Ericetum aragonensis in den meisten Fällen seinen subseriellen Etappen zuzurechnen ist.
Gefässpflanzen - Sector Estrelense (2D) der Mediterranen Region (Nach Costa et al. 1998)
Die Taxa mit * sind exklusiv endemisch für das Gebiet.
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(Angelica major)
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(Adenocarpus argyrophyllus)
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Epilobium anagallidifolium
(?Serra da Estrela?)
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Pflanzengesellschaften - Sector Estrelense der Mediterranen Region (II) (Nach COSTA et al. 1998)
(Syntaxa und Vegetations-Klassen nach: MARTÍNEZ, Salvador Rivas, et al. 2001.
Siehe auch: COSTA et al. 2012)
Die Syntaxa mit * sind endemisch für das Gebiet.
| |||||||
Pflanzengesellschaft (Syntaxa)
|
Vegetations-Klasse und Habitate zu der assoziierten Pflanzengesellschaft
| ||||||
|
[JUNIPERO SABINAE-PINETEA IBERICAE Rivas-Martinez 1965 nom. inv]
Habitate: 4090, 4060
Micro to mesophanerophytic evergreen woods, often
relict, dominated by conifers (Juniperus spp., Pinus spp.)
or leguminous, climactic of mountain highlands in cold
climates
of Southwest Europe; in meso-oromediterranean supra to lower
orotemperate, semiarid to hyperhumid, Western Mediterranean and
Alpine-Caucasian
territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Avenella flexuosa subsp. iberica,
Pinus sylvestris var. iberica
74b. Juniperetalia hemisphaericae Rivas-Martínez & J.A. Molina in Rivas-Martínez, Fernández-González & Loidi 1999
Climatophilous or seral communities dominated by
creeping shrubs (mostly Juniperus spp.)., oromediterranean and orotemperate submediterranean, subhumid to
hyperhumid, Orocantabrian Southern Carpetan, Estrelensean, Oroiberian, Baetic and Nevadensien.
Charakteristische Arten: Juniperus communis subsp.
hemisphaerica.
74.5. Cytision oromediterranei Tüxen in Tüxen & Oberdorfer 1958 corr. Rivas-Martínez 1987
Siliceous
oromediterranean and orotemperate submediterranean humid to hyperhumid
Juniper communities, in Carpetan-Leonese, Estrelensean and Southern
Orocantabrian areas.
Charakteristische Arten: Echinospartum ibericum subsp.
pulviniformis, Juniperus communis subsp. alpina
(terr.), Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. microphyllum
(terr.)
74.5.6. Lycopodio clavati-Juniperetum nanae Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira in Rivas-Martínez 1974
74.5.8. Teucrio salviastri-Echinospartetum pulviniformis Rivas-Martínez 1974 corr. 1981
| ||||||
|
= CALLUNO VULGARIS-ULICETEA MINORIS Br-Bl. & Tüxen ex Klika & Hadac 1944
[Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. & Tüxen 1943 (art. 8), Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. & Tüxen ex Westhoff, Dijk & Passchier 1946 (art. 22), Nardo-Callunetea Preising 1949 (syntax. syn.)]
Habitate: 2150
Heathland and moorland with dwarf shrubs, which constitute seral communities originated by firing, grazing or
wood-cutting of acidic, deciduous or sclerophyllous
meso-macroforests. Prosper on siliceous poor soils, eroded (dystrics cambisols or ferric podzols), rich in acid
humus, and occasionally showing gleyic properties. In
thermo to orotemperante and thermo to supramediterranean subhumid to ultrahyperhumid hyperoceanic-oceanic
bioclimate. Distribution: Atlantic European, CevenneanPyrenean, Mediterranean West Iberian, Oroiberian,
Coastal Lusitanian-Andalusian and Tingitanan.
Charakteristische Arten:
Agrostis curtisii, Allium ericetorum, Avenula lodunensis subsp.
lodunensis, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica scoparia, Halimium
alyssoides, Halimium umbellatum, Lithodora prostrata, Scorzonera humilis, Simethis mattiazii, Tuberaria
lignosa, Ulex europaeus subsp. latebracteatus Ulex
minor, Viola lactea.
61a. Ulicetalia minoris Quantin 1935
[Calluno-Ulicetalia (Quantin 1935) Tüxen 1937 (art. 29), Ulicetalia Br.-Bl. ex Rothmaler 1954 (syntax. syn.), Erico-Ulicetalia Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1965 (syntax. syn.)]
[CALLUNO VULGARIS-ULICETEA MINORIS Br-Bl. & Tüxen ex Klika & Hadac 1944]
| ||||||
|
Habitate: 6230
Anthropic dense acidic grasslands, intensively grazed,
and in climatophilous swards of high mountains in the
upper timberline zone with a long period of snow on the
ground. They present a vernal development in deep
moistly soils, turfophilous, mineralized and strongly
acidified by organic matter. In Western Eurosiberian and
Western
Mediterranean territories, in thermo to criotemperate and
supra-oromediterranean, subhumid to hyperhumid, moderate hyperoceanic to
moderate continental
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Gagea soleirolii (Gagea nevadensis), Ophioglossum azoricum, Scilla verna.
60a. Nardetalia strictae Oberdorfer ex Preising 1949
60.4. Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae Rivas-Martínez 1964
Single order in Europe with a disjunction distribution in
Atlas mountains (North Africa).
Charakteristische Arten: Ajuga pyramidalis subsp. meonantha, Ajuga pyramidalis subsp. pyramidalis, Carex
leporina, Carex pallescens, Carex pilulifera subsp.
pilulifera, Danthonia decumbens, Euphrasia hirtella,
Festuca nigrescens subsp. microphylla, Festuca rivularis, Galium saxatile subsp. saxatile, Galium
saxatile subsp. vivianum, Gentiana pneumonanthe
subsp. pneumonanthe, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula
multiflora subsp. multiflora, Nardus stricta, Pedicularis sylvatica subsp. sylvatica, Potentilla erecta var.
erecta, Stellaria graminea.
Habitate: 6230
60.4. Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae Rivas-Martínez 1964
Grazed grassland from high mountains, dominated by
Nardus stricta, that in areas close to perpetual snow
may
represent meso-hygrophytes permanent communities. Distributed through
Mediterranean West Iberian and Cantabrian-Atlantic territories and with a
supra-oromediterranean and supra-orotemperate, subhumid to hyperhumid
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Crocus carpetanus, Festuca
henriquesii, Festuca rothmaleri, Gentiana lutea
subsp. aurantiaca, Jasione laevis subsp. carpetana,
Leontodon carpetanus subsp. carpetanus, Luzula
campestris subsp. carpetana, Narcissus bulbocodium subsp. nivalis, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
subsp. confusus, Ranunculus abnormis, Ranunculus
bulbosus subsp. cacuminalis
60.4.3. Campanulo herminii-Festucetum henriquesii Rivas-Martínez 1981
60.4.9. Galio saxatilis-Nardetum strictae Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952
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Jasiono centralis-Minuartietum juressi 49.3.3.
Jasiono centralis-Minuartietum bigerrensis (49.3.3.)
Jasiono centralis-Minuartetum (juressii) bigerrensis*
|
Silicicolous and geliturbate communities dominated by
gramineous and dwarf-chamaephytes in the supra to
cryomediterranean and submediterranean bioclimate that
are zonal in supratimberline and secondary at lower
altitudes. They colonize umbrisols or cambisols, without
histic or gleyic proprieties, in the Mediterranean West
Iberian Peninsula and the North African Rif mountains.
Charakteristische Arten: Jurinea humilis, Koeleria caudata
subsp. crassipes, Plantago radicata subsp. radicata.
49a. Festucetalia indigestae Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martínez in Rivas-Martínez 1963
[FESTUCETALIA CURVIFOLIAE Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martinez ex Rivas-Martinez 1964 corr. Izco & Pulgar 2009]
Iberian silicicolous communities oro-cryotemperate
submediterranean and oro-cryomediterranean dominated by dwarf-chamaephytes that often cover completely
the ground. They are subject to geliturbate and gelifluction phenomena.
Charakteristische Arten: Dianthus langeanus, Hieracium
myriadenum, Hieracium vahlii, Jasione crispa subsp.
centralis, Leucanthemopsis flaveola subsp. flaveola,
Minuartia recurva subsp. juressi, Silene ciliata subsp.
elegans.
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Sileno montistellensis-Dianthetum lusitani 32.3.12.
Sileno foetidae-Dianthetum lusitani (32.3.12.)
Sileno foetido-Dianthetum lusitanici*
|
Dwarf
perennial chasmochomophytic communities developed on siliceous and
dolomite, in earthy broad crevices, walls and loose shifting stones in
thermo to oromediterranean and temperate submediterranean bioclimate
of the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghrebi North Afric
32a. Phagnalo saxatilis-Rumicetalia indurati Rivas Goday & Esteve 1972
Single order.
Charakteristische Arten: Anarrhinum bellidifolium, Anarrhinum duriminium, Dianthus broteri subsp. broteri,
Rumex induratus, Saxifraga granulata, Sedum hirsutum subsp. hirsutum, Sedum mucizonia.
32.3. Rumici indurati-Dianthion lusitani Rivas-Martínez, Izco & Costa ex Fuente 1986
Heliophilous
and xerophilous communities, colonizing large fissures of siliceous
rocks, meso to oromediterranean, Mediterranean Western Iberian and
Oroiberian.
Charakteristische Arten: Antirrhinum graniticum, Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. pseudoerucastrum,
Conopodium majus subsp. marizianum, Dianthus
crassipes
subsp. crassipes, Dianthus lusitanus, Digitalis purpurea subsp.
heywoodii, Digitalis purpurea subsp. mariana, Digitalis purpurea subsp.
amandiana, Digitalis thapsi, Erysimum lagascae, Erysimum linifolium,
Narcissus rupicola, Scrophularia
schousboei subsp. schousboei, Scrophularia valdesii,
Silene marizii, Silene x montistellensis.
32.3.12. Sileno montistellensis-Dianthetum lusitani Rivas-Martínez 1981 corr. Ladero, Rivas-Martínez, Amor, M.T. Santos & Alonso 1999
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Phalacrocarpo oppositifolii-Rumicetum suffruticosi 33.8.8.
Phalacrocarpo oppositifolii-Rumicetum suffruticosi*
|
Communities of mobile gravel, rich in endemic species,
formed by hemicryptophytes and rhizomatous geophytes.
Colonizers of slopes, moraines, riverine gravel deposits,
cracks caused by ice in the Eurasian high mountains, in
boreal, temperate and Mediterranean bioclimate. Holarctic distribution.
Charakteristische Arten: Biscutella valentina subsp. valentina, Linaria supina.
33b. Androsacetalia alpinae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. & Jenny 1926
Communities of mobile gravel, that colonize siliceous
soils poor in bases, in the Eurosiberian and Mediterranean high mountains.
Charakteristische Arten: Epilobium lanceolatum, Paronychia polygonifolia.
33.8. Linario saxatilis-Senecionion carpetani Rivas-Martínez 1964
Orophilous communities, supra to cryotemperate, Carpetan-Leonese, Oroiberian, Orocantabrian.
Charakteristische Arten: Arrhenatherum carpetanum,
Coincya nevadensis subsp. orophila, Digitalis purpurea subsp. carpetana, Leontodon hispidus subsp.
bourgaeanus, Linaria saxatilis subsp. glabrescens,
Reseda
gredensis, Rumex suffruticosus, Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. caespitosus,
Silene foetida, Solidago virgaurea subsp. fallit-tirones, Trisetum
hispidum, Viola langeana
33.8.8. Phalacrocarpo oppositifolii-Rumicetum suffruticosi Rivas-Martínez 1981
[Sileno foetidae-Rumicetum suffruticosae (Rivas-Martínez 1981) Jansen 1998 (nomencl. syn.)]
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Saxifrago spathularis-Murbeckielletum herminii 27.9.6.
Saxifrago spathularis-Murbeckielletum herminii*
|
Communities of hemicryptophytes, geophytes and chamaephytes occupying dry fissures of cliffs or walls
(chasmophytes). Holarctic distribution.
.
Charakteristische Arten: Antirrhinum braun-blanquetii,
Asplenium ruta-muraria, Chaenorhinum origanifolium
subsp. origanifolium, Cystopteris fragilis, Hieracium
amplexicaule, Pritzelago alpina subsp. auerswaldii,
Sanguisorba rupicola
27b. Androsacetalia vandellii Br.-Bl. in Meier & Br.-Bl. 1934 nom. Corr.
Chasmophytic vegetation of fissures of siliceous rocks
Mediterranean and Eurosiberian distribution.
Charakteristische Arten: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Asplenium billotii, Asplenium septentrionale, Asplenium
trichomanes subsp. trichomanes, Cheilanthes tinaei,
Cystopteris dickieana, Hieracium schmidtii.
27.9. Saxifragion willkommianae Rivas-Martínez 1964
Supra-orotemperate and submediterranean communities, Carpetan-Leonese and Orocantabrian.
Charakteristische Arten: Alchemilla transiens, Murbeckiella boryi subsp. herminii, Silene acutifolia.
27.9.6. Saxifrago spathularis-Murbeckielletum herminii Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952 corr. Rivas-Martínez 1981
[Saxifraga spathularis-Phryne boryi ass. Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952 (art. 43)]
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Junco squarrosi-Sphagnetum compacti 13.1.7.
Junco squarrosi-Sphagnetum compacti*
|
Ombrogenous or aquatic communities of blanket bogs,
with peat dominated by Sphagnum spp. and heath, and a
water level higher in the centre than in the margins. Dominated by mosses, several small sedges and Ericaceae
forming dystrophic hydromorphic organic soils. Cosmopolitan distribution, except in warm tropical and Mediterranean areas.
Charakteristische Arten: Drosera rotundifolia, Sphagnum
centrale, Sphagnum papillosum.
13a. Erico tetralicis-Sphagnetalia papillosi Schwickerath 1940 em. Br.-Bl. 1949
[SPHAGNO PAPILLOSI-ERICETALIA TETRALICIS Schwickerath 1941 nom. inv.]
Communities of Atlantic raised and transitional bogs,
very acidic, hyperoceanic and euoceanic, mostly ombrotrophic, subject to annual fluctuations of flooding.
Distribution: Atlantic-European with subatlantic and
Mediterranean West Iberian disjunctions, in thermotemperate to lower orotemperate humid to hyperhumid bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Aulacomnium palustris, Cephalozia connivens, Erica tetralix, Gymnocolea inflata,
Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum capillifolium,
Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum molle, Sphagnum
rubellum, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens,
Sphagnum subsecundum var. subsecundum, Sphagnum tenellum
13.1. Ericion tetralicis Schwickerath 1933
European-Atlantic and subatlantic oceanic conununities in cold climate, subject to annual fluctuations in
flooding. Occurrence in wet heathlands where thick
peat leads to increased dryness, due to the remoteness
of the groundwater table, although may be covered by
water during the winter. This vegetation stands for
advanced stages of succession of Atlantic peatlands,
therefore being transitional to the hygrophyte heathlands.
13.1b. Trichophorenion germanici Rivas-Martínez, T.E. Díaz, F. Prieto, Loidi & Penas 1984
Bogs with continuous heath cover on fossil peats,
subjected to a drying season at least in the upper soil
horizons. Distribution Orocantabrian, Carpetan and
European-Atlantic, in meso-orotemperate hyperhumid
to ultrahyperhumid bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Narthecium ossifragum, Trichophorum caespitosum subsp. germanicum.
13.1.7. Junco squarrosi-Sphagnetum compacti Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952
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Saxifrago spathularis-Betuletum celtibericae 76.14.10.
Saxifrago spathularis-Betuletum celtibericae
|
76d. Betulo pendulae-Populetalia tremulae ordo novus (addenda)
[Betulo pendulae-Populetalia tremulae Rivas-Martínez & Costa 1998 (art. 8)]
Seral, occasionally climactic, micro to mesoforests of
rapid growth and softwood, meso to orotemperate
humid to ultrahyperhumid, thermo to mesoboreal
humid to hyperhumid, upper mesomediterranean to lower inframediterranean, Eurosiberian and Mediterranean high mountains.
Charakteristische Arten: Acer pseudoplatanus, Corylus
avellana, Populus tremula, Salix caprea, Sorbus aucuparia.
76.14. Betulion fontqueri-celtibericae all. nova (addenda)
Siliceous and acidophilous forests of birch and hazel,
which
represent the climatophilous or secondary vegetation in Orocantabrian,
Cantabrian-Atlantic, Carpetan-Leonese, Oroiberian and Nevadensian
territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Betula celtiberic
76.14.10. Saxifrago spathularis-Betuletum celtibericae Rivas-Martínez 1981
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[Cytisetea scopario-striati Rivas-Martínez 1974 (art. 3f)]
Shrubby communities dominated by Leguminosae of the
tribe Genisteae (brooms). Usually the mantle or the replacement stage of meso-oligotrophic forests that grow
in deep siliceous soils with type "mull" humus and without temporary hydromorphy. Sometimes represent
edaphoxerophilous permanent communities. their ecologic optimum is in Iberian Peninsula, they can reach the
Atlantic Europe, the Tyrrhenian and the Maghrebi territories, in infra to oromediterranean semiarid to humid
and thermo to lower orotemperate dry to hyperhumid
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Adenocarpus complicatus, Adenocarpus telonensis, Cytisus baeticus, Pteridium aquilinum var. aquilinum, Retama sphaerocarpa.
65a. Cytisetalia scopario-striati Rivas-Martínez 1975
[Cytisetalia scopario-striati Rivas-Martínez 1974 (art. 3f), Retametalia sphaerocarpae Rivas Goday 1980 (syntax. syn.)]
Seral large-sized plant communities, thermo to lower
orotemperate subhumid to hyperhumid and thermo to
supramediterranean dry to hyperhumid, with Mediterranean West Iberian, Coastal Lusitanian-Andalusian,
Atlantic European and Cevennean distribution.
Charakteristische Arten: Adenocarpus lainzii, Cytisus
grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus, Cytisus multiflorus,
Cytisus oromediterraneus, Cytisus scoparius subsp.
scoparius, Genista hystrix, Orobanche rapum-genista
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Pterosparto lasianthi-Ericetum cinereae 61.2.19.
Ulici minoris-Ericetum umbellatae (61.2.19.)
Ulici minoris-Ericetum umbellatae
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= CALLUNO VULGARIS-ULICETEA MINORIS Br-Bl. & Tüxen ex Klika & Hadac 1944
[Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. & Tüxen 1943 (art. 8), Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. & Tüxen ex Westhoff, Dijk & Passchier 1946 (art. 22), Nardo-Callunetea Preising 1949 (syntax. syn.)]
Habitate: 2150
Heathland and moorland with dwarf shrubs, which constitute seral communities originated by firing, grazing or
wood-cutting of acidic, deciduous or sclerophyllous
meso-macroforests. Prosper on siliceous poor soils, eroded (dystrics cambisols or ferric podzols), rich in acid
humus, and occasionally showing gleyic properties. In
thermo to orotemperante and thermo to supramediterranean subhumid to ultrahyperhumid hyperoceanic-oceanic
bioclimate. Distribution: Atlantic European, CevenneanPyrenean, Mediterranean West Iberian, Oroiberian,
Coastal Lusitanian-Andalusian and Tingitanan.
Charakteristische Arten: Agrostis curtisii, Allium ericetorum, Avenula lodunensis subsp. lodunensis, Calluna
vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica scoparia, Halimium
alyssoides, Halimium umbellatum, Lithodora prostrata, Scorzonera humilis, Simethis mattiazii, Tuberaria
lignosa, Ulex europaeus subsp. latebracteatus Ulex
minor, Viola lactea.
61a. Ulicetalia minoris Quantin 1935
[Calluno-Ulicetalia (Quantin 1935) Tüxen 1937 (art. 29), Ulicetalia Br.-Bl. ex Rothmaler 1954 (syntax. syn.), Erico-Ulicetalia Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1965 (syntax. syn.)]
[CALLUNO VULGARIS-ULICETEA MINORIS Br-Bl. & Tüxen ex Klika & Hadac 1944]
61.2. Ericion umbellatae Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952
[Halimio-Ulicion Rothmaler 1954 (syntax. syn.), Genisto-Ericion aragonensis Rivas-Martínez 1962 (art. 8), Cistion hirsuti Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1965 (syntax. syn.), Ericion australis Bellot & Casaseca in Bellot 1968 (syntax. syn.), Ericion umbellatae Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952, holotypus: Junipero nanae-Ericetum aragonensis Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes, Agron. Lusit. 14(4): 316. 1952 (art. 17, 18), Junipero nanae-Cytision purgantis Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1965: typus: Junipero nanae-Ericetum aragonensis Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952 (art. 36)]
Heathland
and moorland dwarf scrub, thermo to supratemperate and thermo to
supramediterranean subhumid to hyperhumid in Galician-Portuguese,
Mediterranean West Iberian, Oroiberian and Sadensean-Dividing Portuguese
territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Cistus psilosepalus, Erica
australis subsp. australis, Erica umbellata, Genista
triacanthos, Halimium ocymoides, Lavandula viridis, Polygala microphylla, Pterospartum lasianthum, Thymelaea broteriana,
61.2.19. Pterosparto lasianthi-Ericetum cinereae Rothmaler 1954 corr. (addenda)
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Myosotidetum stoloniferae 11.4.1.
Myosodietum stoloniferae
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[= MONTIO FONTANAE-CARDAMINETEA AMARAE Br-Bl.
& Tiixen ex Br.-Bl. 1948]
Holarctic cold-water mountain spring communities,
dominated by bryophytes and evergreen soft helophyte
Phanerogams.
11a. Montio-Cardaminetalia Pawłowski in Pawłowski, Sokołowski & Wallisch 1928
Single order in Iberian Peninsula.
Charakteristische Arten: Brachythecium rivulare, Cinclidotus fontinaloides, Epilobium anagallidifolium,
Epilobium
obscurum, Hygrohypnum luridum, Marsupella emarginata, Montia fontana
subsp. amporitana, Nardia compressa, Pellia epiphylla, Philonotis
fontana, Pohlia wahlenbergii, Scapania undulata,
Stellaria alsine, Trichocolea tomentell
11.4. Myosotidion stoloniferae Rivas-Martínez, T.E. Díaz, F. Prieto, Loidi & Penas 1984
Oroiberian, Carpetan-Leonese, Estrelensean and Western Orocantabrian oligotrophic sprigs communities.
Charakteristische Arten: Myosotis stolonifera,
Veronica langei
11.4.1. Myosotidetum stoloniferae Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952
[Veronico langei-Myosotidetum stoloniferae Rivas-Martínez 1963 (syntax. syn.), Philonotido fontanae-Montietum rivularis sensu Tüxen & Oberdorfer 1958 non Büker & Tüxen in Büker 1942]
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Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae 76.7.8.
Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae
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76b. Quercetalia roboris Tüxen 1931
Deciduous climactic siliceous acidophilous or neutralacidophilous meso to macroforests, on poor sandy or
loamy soils. Thermo to lower orotemperate and meso to
supramediterranean subhumid to hyperhumid, in
Atlantic-Central European Alpine-Caucasian and West
Iberian territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Arenaria montana, Avenella
flexuosa
subsp. flexuosa, Blechnum spicant, Ceratocapnos claviculata subsp.
claviculata, Euphorbia angulata, Hedera hibernica, Hieracium lachenalii,
Hieracium laevigatum, Hieracium maculatum, Hieracium sabaudum,
Hieracium umbellatum, Holcus mollis, Hypericum pulchrum, Lathyrus
linifolius, Lonicera periclymenum subsp. periclymenum, Luzula
forsteri subsp. forsteri, Luzula henriquesii, Saxifraga
spathularis, Teucrium scorodonia subsp. scorodonia,
Vaccinium myrtillus, Veronica micrantha, Veronica
ofjicinalis.
76.7. Quercion pyrenaicae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Martínez 1965
Forests of Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica, on
soils with an acidophilous umbric A horizon. Thermo
to
supratemperate meso to supramediterranean subhumid to hyperhumid
hyperoceanic to semicontinental, distributed by the Cantabrian-Atlantic,
Orocantabrian, Mediterranean West Iberian territories and
Maghrebi mountains.
Charakteristische Arten: Genista falcata, Laserpitium
thalictrifolium, Physospermum cornubiense, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus x neomairei (Q. broteroi x
Q. pyrenaica).
76.7.8. Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1956
[Pulmonario longifoliae-Quercetum pyrenaicae P. Silva 1970 non Oberdorfer & Tüxen in Tüxen & Oberdorfer 1958 (art. 31)]
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