Sector Orensano-Sanabriense (2A)
Der Sektor 'Orensano-Sanabriense'
(2A) ist ein supramediterran subhumides bis humides Gebiet mit Ausnahme
der mesomediterranen Alluvialterrassen des Flusses Tamega in der
Depression von Chaves (Vega de Chaves). Im Landkreis Vila Real umfasst
er Vega de Chaves, die Serra de Paradela und die Hochebene, die sich von
den Ausläufern der Serra do Marão bis in die Nähe der unteren
Abschnitte der Flüsse Tinhela und Pinhao erstreckt. Im Bragança Bezirk
umfasst er die Serras da Coroa, Montesinho und Nogueira, die Hochebene
der 'Alta Lombada' und den Nördlichen Teil des Distrikts Vimioso und
Miranda do Douro. In Portugal gibt es nur einen einzigen Subsektor: den Subsektor Margato-Sanabriense.
Der Sektor Orensano-Sanabriense profitiert in Portugal von zahlreichen
Pflanzen, die entlang einer Migrationsroute verbreitet sind - die sich
zusammengefasst aus dem pyrenaico-kantabrischen System, den Picos de
Europa, Montes Aquilianos, Montes von Léon, Sierra Cabrera und Sierra de
San Mamed in Spanien zusammensetzt. Aus diesem Grunde hat FRANCO (1996)
in seiner phytogeographischen Karte von Portugal die
orensano-sanabriensischen Gebiete Portugals als "NE Leonês" bezeichnet.
Es gibt eine erhebliche Anzahl von Arten von Gefäßpflanzen, deren
Populationen in Portugal für diesen Sektor exklusiv oder zumindest fast
vollständig in diesem Sektor enthalten sind: Aconitum napellus subsp. lusitanicum, Amelanchier ovalis, Anthemis alpestris, Anthyllis sampaioana, Arabis glabra, Armeria eriophylla (lusitanisch serpenticolanischer Endemismus), Armeria langei subsp. daveaui, Arum cylindraceum, Asplenium septentrionale (auch in der Serra da Estrela vorhanden), Astragalus incanus subsp. macrorhizus, Avenula pubescens, Bromus squarrosus, Carex pallescens, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea triumfetti subsp. lingulata, Cephalanthera rubra, Cistus laurifolius, Corydalis cava subsp. cava, Doronycum pubescens, Elymus caninus, Eryngium viviparum, Euonymus europaeus, Euphrasia hirtella, Euphrasia mendonçae (ausgestorbener lusitanischer Endemismus ?), Festuca brigantina (serpentinophytischer lusitanischer Endemismus), Jasione crispa subsp. serpentinicola (serpentinophytischer lusitanischer Endemismus),
Jasonia tuberosa, Lathyrus pratensis, Leuzea rhaponticoides, Ligustrum
vulgare, Pedicularis palustris, Peucedanum carvifolia, Phalacrocarpum
oppositifolium subsp. hoffmannseggii (Endemismus des Sektors), Polycnemum arvense, Pritzelago alpina subsp. auerswaldii, Ranunculus abnormis (ausgestorben in der Serra da Estrela ?), Rhamnus catharticus, Rubus brigantinus (Endemismus des Sektors),
Sagina sabuletorum, Saxifraga dichotoma, Silene legionensis, Stachys
sylvatica, Tragopogon crocifolius subsp. crocifolius, Trifolium
leucanthum, Trifolium medium, Thymelaea ruizii, Ventenata dubia,
Viburnum opulus (indigene Pflanzen),
Vicia onobrychioides, Vicia orobus, Vicia. sepium, Viola bubanii, Viola
hirta, Viola parvula, Xeranthemum cylindricum e Xeranthemum inapertum.
Die klimatophilen Wälder gehören in den höheren Lagen dieses Gebietes dem Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae oder im unteren Horizont der supramediterranen Stufe dem Genisto falcatae-Quercetum pyrenaicae an. Im Distrikt von Bragança finden sich an edafoxerophilen und/oder auf ultrabasischem Gestein die Steineichenwälder des Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae und seine entsprechenden Regressionsstufen: Ginstergebüsche des Genisto hystricis-Cytisetum multiflori und Zistrosengebüsche des Cisto ladaniferi-Genistetum hystricis. Ähnlich
wie im ganzen Land wird die Landschaft auch in diesem Sektor von den
subseriellen Gebüschen dominiert. Die häufigsten sind: die mesophytische
Heide des Genistello tridentatae-Ericetum aragonensis; die heliophilen Ginstergebüsche des Cytiso scoparii-Genistetum polygaliphyllae, Lavandulo sampaionae-Cytisetum striati (häufiger im Westen) und Cytiso striati-Genistetum polygaliphyllae (häufiger im Osten), die schattenliebende Gesellschaft des Genisto falcatae-Ericetum arboreae und die Erdbeerbaumgesellschaft des Erico scopariae-Arbutetum unedonis.
In
den Distrikten Vimioso und Miranda do Douro und seltener in der Serra
de Paradela und in der Umgebung von Alijó findet sich eine weitere
subserielle Heidegesellschaft, die des Halimietum alyssoido-ocymoides. Unter den häufigeren Wiesen findet sich der Hispidelo hispanicae-Tuberarietum guttatae, normalerweise in einem Mosaik mit mehrjährigen Agrostis duriaei-Wiesen.
Die ripikole Geoserie dieses Sektors ist in allen portugiesischen
Territorien der Carpetano-Ibérico-Leonesischen Provinz mit
supramediterranem Bioklima anzutreffen. Sie beginnt im Flussbett mit
dem Galio broteroani-Cariceto broterianae S., gefolgt von dem Galio broteroani-Alneto glutinosae S. und endet mit einer Serie, die von Eschen der Suballianz des Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris angeführt wird. Diese Eschenwälder sind praktisch verschwunden und wurden durch bewässerte ausdauernde Wiesen (port. lameiros)
ersetzt. Diese ‘Lameiros’ bilden angesichts der mit an das
kontinentalere Klima angepassten Pflanzen der vikarianten Gesellschaften
des Subsektors Geresiano-Queixense die Assoziation des Bromo-Cynosuretum cristati. Die dominante Binsengesellschaft ist der Hyperico undulati-Juncetum acutiflori. An den Rändern der Lameiros sind serielle dem Rubo-Rosetum corymbiferae angehörende Heckengemeinschaften häufig.
Gefässpflanzen - Sektor 'Orensano-Sanabriense' (2A) der Mediterranen Region (Nach Costa et al. 1998)
Die Taxa mit * sind exklusiv endemisch für das Gebiet.
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Asplenium septentrionale (presente também na Serra da Estrela)
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(Euphrasia mendonçae - endemismo
lusitano extinto ?)
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subsp. serpentinicola
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Pedicularis palustris
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Ranunculus abnormis (extinto
na Serra da Estrela ?)
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Viburnum opulus (plantas indígenas)
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Pflanzengesellschaften - Sektor 'Orensano-Sanabriense' (2A) der Mediterranen Region (Nach COSTA et al. 1998)
(Syntaxa und Vegetations-Klassen nach: MARTÍNEZ, Salvador Rivas, et al. 2001.
Siehe auch: COSTA et al. 2012)
Die Syntaxa mit * sind endemisch für das Gebiet.
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Pflanzengesellschaft (Syntaxa)
|
Vegetations-Klasse und Habitate zu der assoziierten Pflanzengesellschaft
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Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae 76.7.8.
Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae
|
Deciduous broad-leaved and mixed broad-leaved meso
to macroforests, mostly climatophilous and not hydromorphic (independent of water compensation). With a
temperate optimum, in infra to lower orotemperate dry to
ultrahyperhumid bioclimate. In the Eurosiberian Region,
also relict in the Mediterranean (meso to supramediterranean sub-humid to hyper-humid).
Charakteristische Arten: Acer campestre, Ajuga reptans,
Anemone
nemorosa, Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Arum maculatum, Athyrium
filix-femina, Cephalanthera longifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Conopodium
pyrenaeum, Crepis lampsanoides, Daphne laureola subsp. laureola,
Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis,
Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Epipactis duriensis, Epipactis helleborine,
Euphorbia amygdaloides, Euphorbia hyberna, Helleborus foetidus, Hieracium murorum, Hyacinthoides
non-scripta, flex aquifolium, Lilium martagon, Limodorum abortivum, Melitis melissophyllum, Mercurialis
perennis, Orchis langei, Oxalis acetosella, Platanthera
bifolia,
Poa nemoralis, Polygonatum odoratum, Primula acaulis, Quercus robur
subsp. robur, Rosa arvensis, Sanicula europaea, Sedum forsterianum,
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea, Stachys officinalis,
Stellaria holostea, Taxus baccata, Viola riviniana.
76b. Quercetalia roboris Tüxen 1931
Deciduous climactic siliceous acidophilous or neutralacidophilous meso to macroforests, on poor sandy or
loamy soils. Thermo to lower orotemperate and meso to
supramediterranean subhumid to hyperhumid, in
Atlantic-Central European Alpine-Caucasian and West
Iberian territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Arenaria montana, Avenella
flexuosa
subsp. flexuosa, Blechnum spicant, Ceratocapnos claviculata subsp.
claviculata, Euphorbia angulata, Hedera hibernica, Hieracium lachenalii,
Hieracium laevigatum, Hieracium maculatum, Hieracium sabaudum,
Hieracium umbellatum, Holcus mollis, Hypericum pulchrum, Lathyrus
linifolius, Lonicera periclymenum subsp. periclymenum, Luzula
forsteri subsp. forsteri, Luzula henriquesii, Saxifraga
spathularis, Teucrium scorodonia subsp. scorodonia,
Vaccinium myrtillus, Veronica micrantha, Veronica
ofjicinalis.
76.7. Quercion pyrenaicae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Martínez 1965
Forests of Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica, on
soils with an acidophilous umbric A horizon. Thermo
to
supratemperate meso to supramediterranean subhumid to hyperhumid
hyperoceanic to semicontinental, distributed by the Cantabrian-Atlantic,
Orocantabrian, Mediterranean West Iberian territories and
Maghrebi mountains.
Charakteristische Arten: Genista falcata, Laserpitium
thalictrifolium, Physospermum cornubiense, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus x neomairei (Q. broteroi x Q. pyrenaica).
76.7.8. Holco mollis-Quercetum pyrenaicae Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1956
[Pulmonario longifoliae-Quercetum pyrenaicae P. Silva 1970 non Oberdorfer & Tüxen in Tüxen & Oberdorfer 1958 (art. 31)]
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Woodlands,
pre-woodlands and dense scrublands, evergreen or marcescent, that
usually create a shady environment contributing to a soil humus type of
forest
"mull". Indifferent to the chemical nature of the substrate
and soil, however limited by permanent or temporary
hydromorphy. Include the climatophilous vegetation and
its mantle, edges and the first stage of replacement of the
forests in the Mediterranean Region, in semiarid to
humid infra to supramediterranean, reaching meridional
submediterranean Eurosiberian territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Asparagus acutifolius, Biarum
arundanum, Carex halleriana, Clematis flammula,
Daphne gnidium, Lonicera etrusca var. etrusca, Lonicera implexa, Neotinea maculata, Olea europaea var.
sylvestris, Phillyrea latifolia subsp. media, Pulicaria
odora,
Rhamnus alaternus subsp. alaternus f. alaternus, Rubia peregrina subsp.
longifolia, Rubia peregrina subsp. peregrina, Smilax aspera var.
aspera, Vincetoxicum nigrum.
75a. Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934 em. Rivas-Martínez 1975
75.2. Quercion broteroi Br.-Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1956 em. Rivas-Martínez 1975 corr. Ladero 1974
75.2b. Paeonio broteroi-Quercenion rotundifoliae Rivas-Martínez in Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Izco 1986
75.2.11. Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae P. Silva 1970
Habitate: 9340
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Shrubby communities dominated by Leguminosae of the
tribe Genisteae (brooms). Usually the mantle or the replacement stage of meso-oligotrophic forests that grow
in deep siliceous soils with type "mull" humus and without temporary hydromorphy. Sometimes represent
edaphoxerophilous permanent communities. their ecologic optimum is in Iberian Peninsula, they can reach the
Atlantic Europe, the Tyrrhenian and the Maghrebi territories, in infra to oromediterranean semiarid to humid
and thermo to lower orotemperate dry to hyperhumid
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Adenocarpus complicatus, Adenocarpus telonensis, Cytisus baeticus, Pteridium aquilinum var. aquilinum, Retama sphaerocarp
65a. Cytisetalia scopario-striati Rivas-Martínez 1975
Seral large-sized plant communities, thermo to lower
orotemperate subhumid to hyperhumid and thermo to
supramediterranean dry to hyperhumid, with Mediterranean West Iberian, Coastal Lusitanian-Andalusian,
Atlantic European and Cevennean distribution.
Charakteristische Arten: Adenocarpus lainzii, Cytisus
grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus, Cytisus multiflorus,
Cytisus oromediterraneus, Cytisus scoparius subsp.
scoparius, Genista hystrix, Orobanche rapum-genistae.
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Secondary Mediterranean scrub communities with xerophytic plants, especially of the genus Cistus, Lavandula
and Halimium, on predominantly siliceous substrates and
eroded or immature acidic soils. Distributed through the
Western Mediterranean and North Africa in thermo to
supramediterranean semiarid to subhumid bioclimate.
They constitute advanced stages of degradation of the
meso-oligotrophic forests undemanding in precipitation.
Charakteristische Arten: Cistus salviifolius, Cytinus hypocistis subsp. macranthus, Halimium viscosum, Orchis
mascula subsp. olbiensis, Orchis moria subsp. champagneuxii, Orchis moria subsp. picta.
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Genistello tridentatae-Ericetum aragonensis (61.2.4.)
Genistello tridentatae-Ericetum aragonensis
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[Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. & Tüxen 1943 (art. 8), Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. & Tüxen ex Westhoff, Dijk & Passchier 1946 (art. 22), Nardo-Callunetea Preising 1949 (syntax. syn.)]
Heathland and moorland with dwarf shrubs, which constitute seral communities originated by firing, grazing or
wood-cutting of acidic, deciduous or sclerophyllous
meso-macroforests. Prosper on siliceous poor soils, eroded (dystrics cambisols or ferric podzols), rich in acid
humus, and occasionally showing gleyic properties. In
thermo to orotemperante and thermo to supramediterranean subhumid to ultrahyperhumid hyperoceanic-oceanic
bioclimate. Distribution: Atlantic European, CevenneanPyrenean, Mediterranean West Iberian, Oroiberian,
Coastal Lusitanian-Andalusian and Tingitanan.
Charakteristische Arten: Agrostis curtisii, Allium ericetorum, Avenula lodunensis subsp. lodunensis, Calluna
vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica scoparia, Halimium
alyssoides, Halimium umbellatum, Lithodora prostrata, Scorzonera humilis, Simethis mattiazii, Tuberaria
lignosa, Ulex europaeus subsp. latebracteatus Ulex
minor, Viola lactea
61a. Ulicetalia minoris Quantin 1935
61.2. Ericion umbellatae Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952
61.2.4. Pterosparto lasianthi-Ericetum aragonensis Rothmaler 1954 em. Rivas-Martínez 1979 corr. (addenda)
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Hispidello hispanicae-Tuberarietum guttatae 50.3.3.
Hispidelo hispanicae-Tuberarietum guttatae
|
50. Helianthemetea guttati (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine & Nègre 1952) Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martínez 1963 em. Rivas-Martínez 1978
[Helianthemetea annua Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine & Nègre 1952 (art. 34), Helianthemetea annua Br.-Bl. ex Rivas Goday 1958 (art. 34), Tuberarietea guttatae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine & Nègre 1952 em. Rivas-Martínez 1978, Stipo-Brachypodietea distachyae (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Emberger & Molinier 1947) Brullo 1985 (syntax. syn.), Tuberarietea guttatae (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine & Nègre 1952) Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martínez 1963 nom. mut. (art. 45) (addenda)]
Therophytic vegetation growing on spring and early
summer formed by ephemeral xerophilic pioneer plants
with a small size, indifferent to the chemical composition
of the substrate. They occupy no nitrophilous biotopes
without hydromorphy and colonizing soils in an early
development stage. Usually, these communities, occupies biotopes poor in no humified organic matter. They
are distributed through Mediterranean Region in the
thermo
to lower oromediterranean xeric and pluviseasonal bioclimate and in the
Eurosiberian Region, submediterranean or steppic territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Alyssum minutum, Alyssum simplex, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. lusitanica, Arenaria
conimbricensis, Arenaria leptoclados, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Asterolinon linum-stellatum, Brachypodium
distachyon, Briza maxima, Cerastium brachypetalum
subsp. brachypetalum, Cerastium pumilum, Cerastium
semidecandrum, Crucianella angustifolia, Crupina
vulgaris,
Erophila verna, Evax pygmaea, Galium parisiense, Helianthemum
ledifolium, Helianthemum salicifolium, Herniaria cinerea, Hippocrepis
ciliata, Hippocrepis multisiliquosa, Jonopsidium acaule, Lathyrus
setifolius, Leontodon taraxacoides subsp. longirostris,
Medicago littoralis, Medicago minima, Minuartia hybrida subsp. hybrida, Mibora minima, Petrorhagia
nanteuilii, Scleranthus polycarpos, Scleranthus verticillatus, Scorpiurus muricatus, Sedum rubens, Silene
colorata, Silene conica, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium
stellatum, Valerianella dentata, Vicia disperma, Vicia
lathyroide
50a. Helianthemetalia guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Molinier & Wagner 1940
Plant communities dominated by siliceous and pioneer
therophytes, that develop on oligotrophic soils often
shallow and sometimes weakly acidic with a gravel surface, sandy or loamy texture gravel, and some consolidation.
Charakteristische Arten: Aira caryophyllea subsp. caryophyllea, Aira cupaniana, Andryala integrifolia var.
corymbosa,
Anthoxanthum aristatum, Aphanes cornucopioides, Aphanes australis,
Briza minor, Campanula lusitanica subsp. lusitanica, Eryngium tenue,
Filago
lutescens, Helianthemum aegyptiacum, Hymenocarpos lotoides, Jasione
montana subsp. gracilis, Lathyrus sphaericus, Linaria saxatilis subsp.
saxatilis, Linaria spartea, Logfia gallica, Logfia minima, Lotus conimbricensis, Micropyrum tenellum,
Moenchia erecta, Molineriella laevis, Ornithopus
compressus,
Ornithopus perpusillus, Psilurus incurvus, Rumex bucephalophorus subsp.
bucephalophorus, Rumex bucephalophorus subsp. gallicus, Silene
portensis, Silene psammitis subsp. psammitis, Silene
scabriflora subsp. scabriflora, Teesdalia nudicaulis,
Tolpis
barbata, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium striatum, Trifolium strictum,
Trifolium sylvaticum, Tuberaria guttata, Vulpia bromoides, Vulpia
myuros.
50.3. Molinerion laevis Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952
[Molineriellion laevis Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952 nom. mut.]
Oromediterranean Mediterranean West Iberian communities, that can occasionally occur on poor soils in
Mediterranean Central Iberian.
Typus: Arenario-Cerastietum ramosissimi Br-Bl., P.
Silva, Rozeira & Fontes 1952 (40.3.1.).
Charakteristische
Arten: Cerastium ramosissimum, Ctenopsis delicatula, Hispidella
hispanica, Holcus annuus subsp. duriensis, Holcus gayanus, Linaria
elegans, Micropyrum patens, Periballia involucrata,
Trifolium phleoides subsp. willkommii, Trisetum
ovatum
50.3.3. Hispidello hispanicae-Tuberarietum guttatae Rivas-Martínez, Fernández-González, Sánchez-Mata & Pizarro 1990
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Galio broteriani-Caricetum broterianae 12.5.3.
Galio broteroani-Cariceto broterianae S.
|
[Phragmito-Magnocaricetales Klika in Klika & Novák 1941 (original name), Phragmitetea Tüxen & Preising 1942 (syntax. syn.), Bolboschoenetea Tüxen & Vicherek in Tüxen & Hülbusch 1971 (syntax. syn.), Glycerio-Nasturtietea Géhu & Géhu-Franck 1987 (syntax. syn.)]
Habitate: 91E0, 2190, 3270, 3260, 3150, 1330, 3110, 92A0, 3170, 3130, 6430, 1130, 1150, 1160
Swampy, fenny, lacustrine and riparian helophyte vegetation, dominated by perennial graminoids, sedges, forbs
and herbs of fresh and brackish waters. Cosmopolitan
distribution.
Charakteristische Arten: Alisma plantago-aquatica, Butomus umbellatus, Carex pseudocyperus, Eleocharis
palustris subsp. vulgaris, Glyceria fluitans, Gratiola
linifolia,
Lycopus europaeus, Lythrum salicaria, Oenanthe fistulosa, Phragmites
australis, Rorippa amphibia, Schoenoplectus pungens, Sparganium erectum
subsp. erectum, Veronica anagallis-aquatica.
12c. Magnocaricetalia Pignatti 1954
Habitate: 2190
12.5. Caricion broterianae (Rivas-Martínez, Fernández-González & Sánchez-Mata 1986) J.A. Molina 1996
[Caricion reuterianae (Rivas-Martinez, Fernandez-Gonzalez & Sanchez-Mata) lA. Mo1ina 1996 nom. mut.]
Riverine Mediterranean West Iberian communities, on
meso-oligotrophic soils.
Charakteristische Arten: Carex paniculata subsp. lusitanica, Carex elata subsp. reuteriana, Carex elata
subsp. tartesiana, Galium broterianum, Holcus
reuteri.
12.5.3. Galio broteriani-Caricetum broterianae Rivas-Martínez ex Fuente 1986
[Galio broteriani-Caricetum reuterianae nom. mut. (art. 45) (addenda)]
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71. Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae (Rivas-Martínez & Cantó ex Rivas-Martínez , Báscones, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & Loidi) classis nova (addenda)
Edaphohygrophilous riparian deciduous forests, on hydromorphic soils, with Eurosiberian and Mediterranean
Distribution.
Charakteristische Arten: Alnus glutinosa, Brachypodium
sylvaticum, Elymus caninus, Equisetum telmateia,
Frangula alnus subsp. alnus, Humulus lupulus, PopuIus nigra, Saponaria officinalis, Solanum dulcamara,
Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris.
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[Molinieto-Arrhenatheretales Tüxen 1937 (original name), Molinio-Juncetea Br.-Bl in Br.-Bl., Emberger & Molinier 1947 (art. 8), Arrhenatheretea Br.-Bl in Br.-Bl., Emberger & Molinier 1947 (art. 8), Plantaginetea majoris Tüxen & Preising ex von Rochow 1951 (syntax. syn.), Molinio-Juncetea Br.-Bl. ex A. & O. Bolòs 1950 (syntax. syn.), Agrostietea stoloniferae Müller & Görs in Görs 1968 (syntax. syn.), Agrostio stoloniferae-Arrhenatheretea De Foucault 1989 (art. 29)]
Habitate: 6410, 6420, 3270, 6210, 2170, 2190, 6230, 6510, 3290, 91B0, 3120, 6220, 6430, 92A0, 1130, 3130, 4020
Dense vegetation of meadows and reeds that grows in
deep wet soils, but rarely is submerged. Composed by
perennial species, mostly hemicryptophytes that sometimes are exploited by man. Normally, constitutes a step
substitution of the anthropic riparian deciduous forests of
Salici-Populetea nigrae, in Eurosiberian and Mediterranean territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis xfouilladei, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum,
Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum, Cardamine
pratensis,
Carex distans, Carex flacca, Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare, Crepis
capillaris, Dactylis glomerata, Dactylorhiza elata subsp. sesquipedalis,
Holcus
lanatus, Knautia arvensis, Lathyrus pratensis, Linum
angustifolium, Lotus corniculatus subsp. corniculatus,
Oenanthe
lachenalii, Orchis coriophora subsp. coriophora, Orchis coriophora
subsp. martrinii, Orchis laxiflora, Phleum pratense subsp. bertolonii,
Plantago lanceolata, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis subsp. trivialis,
Prunella vulgaris, Rhinanthus minor, Rumex acetosa
subsp. acetosa, Schoenus nigricans, Senecio jacobea,
Trifolium pratense, Trifolium resupinatum
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Rubo ulmifolii-Rosetum corymbiferae 66.2.12.
Rubo-Rosetum corymbiferae
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[Rhamno-Prunetea Rivas Goday & Borja 1961 (art. 3b), Crataego-Prunetea Tüxen 1962 (art. 3a), Sambucetea Doing 1962 (art. 8), Urtico-Sambucetea Passarge & Hofmann 1968 (syntax. syn.), Franguletea Doing ex Westhoff & Den Held 1969 (syntax. syn.) p.p., Rhamno-Prunenea Rivas-Martínez, Arnaiz & Loidi in Arnaiz & Loidi 1983 (corresp. name)]
Deciduous shrubby mesophytic and xerophytic communities that constitute the mantle and seral stages of the
Querco-Fagetea and Salici-Populetea nigrae forests.
This vegetation class is dominated by nanophanerophytes and microphanerophytes, mainly thorny and spikey
scrambling shrubs, which developed in rich nutrient
humic soils at forest edges, towards field's grasslands, or
in river-banks; also includes permanent communities of
shallow stony soils in cliffs, gravel beds, steep slopes or
mountain gullies and snow cones, in both Eurosiberian
and Mediterranean Regions.
Charakteristische Arten: Amelanchier ovalis, Clematis vitalba, Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus
insititia, Prunus spinosa subsp. spinosa, Rosa canina,
Rubus caesius, Sambucus nigra, Tamus communis
66a. Prunetalia spinosae Tüxen 1952
66.2. Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii O. Bolòs 1954
66.2c. Rosenion carioti-pouzinii Arnaiz ex Loidi 1989
66.2.12. Rubo ulmifolii-Rosetum corymbiferae Rivas-Martínez & Arnaiz in Arnaiz 1979
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Der nordöstliche Abschnitt des ‘Orensano-Sanabriense’ Sektors ist
von großer geologischer Komplexität. Zusätzlich zu den Graniten und
Schiefern gibt es verschiedene bedeutende Aufschlüsse von basischen
Gesteinen (z.B. Amphibolite) und von ultrabasischen Felsen in den
genannten Massiven von Vinhais Bragança. Die basischen Felsen bilden
Böden von grosser Fruchtbarkeit, die so auch das Überleben der größten
Eichenvorkommen Portugals von Quercus pyrenaica
in der Sierra de Nogueira garantieren. Die ultrabasischen Felsen
dieses Bereichs besitzen drei serpentinophytische Endemismen - Armeria eriophylla, Festuca brigantina und Jasione crispa subsp. serpentinicola
- alle drei charakteristisch für einen einheimischen Verband:
Armerietum eriophyllae. Diese Gemeinschaft besitzt eine floristisch
ärmere Vikariante in den ultrabasischen Lusitano-Dourensischen Gesteinen
des Morais-Massivs: Arenaria fontiqueri-Armerietum langei. Beiden gemeinsam sind die serpentinophytischen Lusitanischen Endemismen Arenaria querioides subsp. fontiqueri und Avenula pratensis subsp. lusitanica und die seminitrophile camephytische Gemeinschaft des Alysso lusitanici-Santolinetum semidentatae.
Gefässpflanzen - Nordöstlicher Abschnitt des Sektors ‘Orensano-Sanabriense’ (2A) der Mediterranen Region (Nach Costa et al. 1998)
Die Taxa mit * sind exklusiv endemisch für das Gebiet.
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Pflanzengesellschaften - Nordöstlicher Abschnitt des Sektors ‘Orensano-Sanabriense’ (2A) der Mediterranen Region (Nach COSTA et al. 1998)
(Syntaxa und Vegetations-Klassen nach: MARTÍNEZ, Salvador Rivas, et al. 2001.
Siehe auch: COSTA et al. 2012)
Die Syntaxa mit * sind endemisch für das Gebiet.
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Pflanzengesellschaft (Syntaxa)
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Vegetations-Klasse und Habitate zu der assoziierten Pflanzengesellschaft
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Silicicolous and geliturbate communities dominated by
gramineous and dwarf-chamaephytes in the supra to
cryomediterranean and submediterranean bioclimate that
are zonal in supratimberline and secondary at lower
altitudes. They colonize umbrisols or cambisols, without
histic or gleyic proprieties, in the Mediterranean West
Iberian Peninsula and the North African Rif mountains.
Charakteristische Arten: Jurinea humilis, Koeleria caudata
subsp. crassipes, Plantago radicata subsp. radicata.
49b. Jasiono sessiliflorae-Koelerietalia crassipedis Rivas-Martínez & Cantó 1987
Perennials secondary communities, dwarf-chamaephyte
grassland-like on siliceous and geliturbate shallow
soils, supra to lower oromediterranean dry to subhumid,
in west central and south Iberian Peninsula.
Charakteristische Arten: Festuca summilusitana subsp.
summilusitana, Helianthemum apenninum subsp.
rothmaleri, Herniaria scabrida var. scabrida,
Hieracium castellanum, Jasione sessiliflora subsp. sessiliflora,
Ornithogalum concinnum, Petrorhagia saxifraga, Sesamoides purpurascens.
49.4. Armerion eriophyllae P. Silva 1965
Meso-supramediterranean
silicon-basophilic communities growing in rich metals and serpentinites
habitats. Bercian-Sanabriensean and Lusitanian Duriensean distribution.
Charakteristische Arten: Arenaria querioides subsp.
fontiqueri, Armeria eriophylla, Armeria langei
subsp. daveaui, Armeria langei subsp. marizii, Astragalus incanus subsp. nummularioides, Dianthus
laricifolius subsp. marizii, Festuca brigantina, Jasione sessiliflora subsp. serpentinicola, Seseli peixoteanum.
49.4.1. Arenario fontqueri-Armerietum langei Aguiar, Penas & Lousã 1998
49.4.2. Armerietum eriophyllae P. Silva 1965
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Alysso lusitanici-Santolinetum semidentatae 37.7.1.
Alysso lusitanici-Santolinetum semidentatae
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Habitate: 1430
Nitrophilous
or halo-nitrophilous dwarf scrubs communities, formed by succulent
chamaephytes and nanophanerophytes, including tropical alien shrubs.
Distribution
Mediterranean,
Irano-Turanic and Saharo-Northern Arabic, in infra-oromediterranean
belt, Mediterranean desertic, xeric and p1uviseasonal bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten:
Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa, Ballota hirsuta, Fagonia
cretica, Lycium barbarum, Launaea arborescens, Lycium europaeum, Lycium
intricatum, Ruta angustifolia
37c. Helichryso stoechadis-Santolinetalia squarrosae Peinado & Martínez-Parras 1984
Shrub conuuunities rich in nitrophilous species of
Santolina and Helichrysum in abandoned agricultural
fields, slopes, edges of paths and greatly grazed soils.
Western Mediterranean distribution in thermo-oromediterranean dry to wet bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Helichrysum italicum subsp.
serotinum, Helichrysum stoechas subsp. stoechas,
Plantago sempervirens, Ruta montana, Sideritis hirsuta subsp. hirsuta, Thymus mastichina.
37.7. Artemisio glutinosae-Santolinion rosmarinifoliae Costa 1975
Communities on siliceous deep sandy soils or sandyloamy.
Charakteristische Arten: Alyssum serpyllifolium subsp.
lusitanicum,
Euphorbia matritensis, Santolina impressa, Santolina rosmarinifolia
subsp. rosmarinifolia, Santolina rosmarinifolia subsp. semidentata.
37.7.1. Alysso lusitanici-Santolinetum semidentatae Aguiar, Penas & Lousã 1998
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Sektor ‘Salmantino’ (2B)
Der
Salmantinische Sektor ('Sector Salmantino') besitzt geringe Expression
in Portugal. Er dringt nördlich von Miranda do Douro in Portugal ein,
umfasst den größten Teil der Einzugsgebiets des Rio Fresno, des Douro
bis zum Dorf Constantim und bis zur Schlucht des 'Douro International' -
bis etwas oberhalb zur spanischen Talsperre des Dorfes von Avila. Es
ist ein granitisches supramediterranes Gebiet mit iberischem
(kontinentalen) trocken bis niedrig subhumidem Einfluss. Die
klimatophilen Steineichen-Wälder (Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae quercetosum rotundifoliae oder juniperetosum oxycedri) und deren serielle Gemeinschaften prägen die Landschaft. Häufig anzutreffen sind die kräftigen Wiesen von Stipa gigantea (Arrhenathero baetici-Stipetum giganteae), die hydrisch kompensierten Wälder des Querco pyrenaicae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae, die dornigen polsterförmigen Gebüsche der Felsgemeinschaften des Genisto hystricis-Echinospartetum lusitanicae angustifoliae und die trocken Borstgraswiesen des Festuco rothmaleri-Juncetum squarrosi. Der Kreuzblütler Isatis platyloba ist eine exklusive Spezies dieses Sektors.
Gefässpflanzen - Sector ‘Salmantino’ (2B) der Mediterranen Region (Nach Costa et al. 1998)
Die Taxa mit * sind exklusiv endemisch für das Gebiet
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Pflanzengesellschaften - Sektor ‘Salmantino’ (2B) der Mediterranen Region (Nach COSTA et al. 1998)
(Syntaxa und Vegetations-Klassen nach: MARTÍNEZ, Salvador Rivas, et al. 2001.
Siehe auch: COSTA et al. 2012)
Die Syntaxa mit * sind endemisch für das Gebiet.
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Pflanzengesellschaft (Syntaxa)
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Vegetations-Klasse und Habitate zu der assoziierten Pflanzengesellschaft
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Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae 75.2.11.
Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae quercetosum rotundifoliae ou juniperetosum oxycedri
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Habitate:
Woodlands,
pre-woodlands and dense scmblands, evergreen or marcescent, that
usually create a shady environment contributing to a soil humus type of
forest
"mull". Indifferent to the chemical nature of the substrate
and soil, however limited by permanent or temporary
hydromorphy. Include the climatophilous vegetation and
its mantle, edges and the first stage of replacement of the
forests in the Mediterranean Region, in semiarid to
humid infra to supramediterranean, reaching meridional
submediterranean Eurosiberian territories.
Charakteristische Arten: Asparagus acutifolius, Biarum
arundanum, Carex halleriana, Clematis flammula,
Daphne gnidium, Lonicera etrusca var. etrusca, Lonicera implexa, Neotinea maculata, Olea europaea var.
sylvestris, Phillyrea latifolia subsp. media, Pulicaria
odora,
Rhamnus alaternus subsp. alaternus f. alaternus, Rubia peregrina subsp.
longifolia, Rubia peregrina subsp. peregrina, Smilax aspera var.
aspera, Vincetoxicum nigrum
75.2.11. Genisto hystricis-Quercetum rotundifoliae P. Silva 1970
Siehe -> Superdistrito Ribacoense
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Arrhenathero baetici-Stipetum giganteae 57.3.1.
Arrhenathero baetici-Stipetum giganteae
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Habitate: 6220
Siliceous acidophilic perennial vegetation of grasses and
other perennial herbs accompanied by some annual
plants, rich in endemic species, on cambisols, pianosoIs,
luvisols and arenosols, dystric or umbric attributes. Represent seral stages of Quercion broteroi and Quercion
pyrenaicae. Western Mediterranean distribution with
Cantabrian-Atlantic and Madeiran disjunctions.
Charakteristische Arten: Agrostis castellana, Dactylis
glomerata subsp. lusitanica, Festuca paniculata subsp.
multispiculata, Gaudinia fragilis var. fragilis, Linum
bienne, Malva tournefortiana, Sanguisorba verrucosa
57a. Agrostietalia castellanae Rivas Goday in Rivas-Martínez, Costa, Castroviejo & E. Valdés 1980
Habitate: 6220
Meadows and perennials grasslands rich in therophytes,
on deep soils poor in bases, in rainy areas of Mediterranean West Iberian and Orocantrabrian, locally reaching
North Africa.
Charakteristische Arten:
Allium guttatum subsp. sardoum, Armeria segoviensis, Carex divisa var.
chaetophylla, Festuca durandoi subsp. livida, Ranunculus
gramineus, Rumex angiocarpus, Rumex papillaris,
Serapias lingua, Serapias parviflora, Thapsia villosa.
57.3. Agrostio castellanae-Stipion giganteae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Martínez & Fernández-González 1991
[Agrostio-Stipion giganteae Rivas Goday 1958 (art. 3b)]
Communities dominated by perennial grasses on deep
arenoso1s
and cambiso1s, without temporary hydromorphy, thermo to
supramediterranean dry to subhumid. Mediterranean West Iberian and
Coastal Lusitanian-Anda1usian distribution.
Charakteristische Arten:
Armerio x francoi, Arrhenatherum album var. erianthum, Arrhenatherum
baeticum, Celtica gigantea subsp. gigantea, Celtica gigantea subsp.
sterilis, Centaurea aristata subsp.
langeana, Elaeoselinum gummiferum, Euphorbia
oxyphylla, Helictotrichon hackelii subsp. hackelii,
Helictotrichon hackelii subsp. stenophylla, Stipa lagascae
57.3.1. Arrhenathero baetici-Stipetum giganteae Rivas-Martínez, Fernández-González & Sánchez-Mata 1986
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? Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris 71.2b.
Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris 71.2b.
Querco pyrenaicae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae
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71. Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae (Rivas-Martínez & Cantó ex Rivas-Martínez , Báscones, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-González & Loidi) classis nova (addenda)
Edaphohygrophilous riparian deciduous forests, on hydromorphic soils, with Eurosiberian and Mediterranean
distribution.
Typus: Populetalia albae Br.-El. ex Tchou 1948 (56a.).
Charakteristische Arten: Alnus glutinosa, Brachypodium
sylvaticum, Elymus caninus, Equisetum telmateia,
Frangula alnus subsp. alnus, Humulus lupulus, PopuIus nigra, Saponaria officinalis, Solanum dulcamara,
Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris.
56.lb. Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris Rivas-Martinez 1975
Communities of the rivers flood prone (part of the
floodplain rarely inundated) with "soft" to "hard"
waters,
thermo to supramediterranean, West Mediterranean, and Northern Maghreb
distribution, with Galician-Portuguese disjunctions.
Typus: Querco pyrenaicae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae
Rivas Goday 1964 corr. Rivas-Martinez, FernandezGonzalez & A. Molina in Fernandez-Gonzalez & A.
Molina 1988 (56.1.13.).
Charakteristische Arten: Celtis australis, Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia, Prunus lusitanica, UImus minor.
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Genisto hystricis-Echinospartetum lusitanici (65.3.8.)
Genisto hystricis-Echinospartetum lusitanicae
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Shrubby communities dominated by Leguminosae of the
tribe Genisteae (brooms). Usually the mantle or the replacement stage of meso-oligotrophic forests that grow
in deep siliceous soils with type "mull" humus and without temporary hydromorphy. Sometimes represent
edaphoxerophilous permanent communities. their ecologic optimum is in Iberian Peninsula, they can reach the
Atlantic Europe, the Tyrrhenian and the Maghrebi territories, in infra to oromediterranean semiarid to humid
and thermo to lower orotemperate dry to hyperhumid
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Adenocarpus complicatus, Adenocarpus telonensis, Cytisus baeticus, Pteridium aquilinum var. aquilinum, Retama sphaerocarpa
65a. Cytisetalia scopario-striati Rivas-Martínez 1975
65.3. Genistion polygaliphyllae Rivas-Martínez, T.E. Díaz, F. Prieto, Loidi & Penas 1984
65.3.8. Echinospartetum iberici Rivas-Martínez 1974 corr. Rivas-Martínez, Lousã, T.E. Díaz, Fernández-Gonzalez & J.C. Costa 1990
[Cytiso multiflori-Echinospartetum lusitanici Rivas-Martínez 1981 (art. 29),
Genisto hystricis-Echinospartetum lusitanici F. Navarro & C. Valle 1983 (syntax. syn.), Echinospartetum lusitanici Rivas-Martínez 1974 (art. 43)]
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Festuco rothmaleri-Juncetum squarrosi 60.4.8.
Festuco rothmaleri-Juncetum squarrosi
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Habitate: 6230
Anthropic dense acidic grasslands, intensively grazed,
and in climatophilous swards of high mountains in the
upper timberline zone with a long period of snow on the
ground. They present a vernal development in deep
moistly soils, turfophilous, mineralized and strongly
acidified by organic matter. In Western Eurosiberian and
Western
Mediterranean territories, in thermo to criotemperate and
supra-oromediterranean, subhumid to hyperhumid, moderate hyperoceanic to
moderate continental
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Gagea soleirolii (Gagea nevadensis), Ophioglossum azoricum, Scilla verna.
60a. Nardetalia strictae Oberdorfer ex Preising 1949
60.4. Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae Rivas-Martínez 1964
Single order in Europe with a disjunction distribution in
Atlas mountains (North Africa).
Charakteristische Arten: Ajuga pyramidalis subsp. meonantha, Ajuga pyramidalis subsp. pyramidalis, Carex
leporina, Carex pallescens, Carex pilulifera subsp.
pilulifera, Danthonia decumbens, Euphrasia hirtella,
Festuca nigrescens subsp. microphylla, Festuca rivularis, Galium saxatile subsp. saxatile, Galium
saxatile subsp. vivianum, Gentiana pneumonanthe
subsp. pneumonanthe, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula
multiflora subsp. multiflora, Nardus stricta, Pedicularis sylvatica subsp. sylvatica, Potentilla erecta var.
erecta, Stellaria graminea.
Habitate: 6230
60.4. Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae Rivas-Martínez 1964
Grazed grassland from high mountains, dominated by
Nardus stricta, that in areas close to perpetual snow
may
represent meso-hygrophytes permanent communities. Distributed through
Mediterranean West Iberian and Cantabrian-Atlantic territories and with a
supra-oromediterranean and supra-orotemperate, subhumid to hyperhumid
bioclimate.
Charakteristische Arten: Crocus carpetanus, Festuca
henriquesii, Festuca rothmaleri, Gentiana lutea
subsp. aurantiaca, Jasione laevis subsp. carpetana,
Leontodon carpetanus subsp. carpetanus, Luzula
campestris subsp. carpetana, Narcissus bulbocodium subsp. nivalis, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
subsp. confusus, Ranunculus abnormis, Ranunculus
bulbosus subsp. cacuminalis
60.4.8. Festuco rothmaleri-Juncetum squarrosi Rivas-Martínez, Fernández-González, Sánchez-Mata & Pizarro 1990
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